Heart surgery is any surgery done on the heart muscle, valves, arteries, or the aorta and other large arteries connected to the heart.
The term "open heart surgery" means that you are connected to a heart-lung bypass machine, or bypass pump during surgery.
New procedures are being done on the heart through smaller cuts. Some new procedures are being done while the heart is still beating.
References
Bainbridge D, Cheng DCH. Fast-track postoperative cardiac recovery and outcomes. In: Kaplan JA, ed. Kaplan's Cardiac Anesthesia. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017;chap 37.
Bernstein D. General principles of treatment of congenital heart disease. In: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 461.
Mestres CA, Bernal JM, Pomar JL. Surgical treatment of tricuspid valve diseases. In: Sellke FW, del Nido PJ, Swanson SJ, eds. Sabiston and Spencer Surgery of the Chest. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016:chap 81.
Montealegre-Gallegos M, Owais K, Mahmood F, Matyal R. Anesthesia and intraoperative care for the adult cardiac patient. In: Sellke FW, del Nido PJ, Swanson SJ, eds. Sabiston and Spencer Surgery of the Chest. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016:chap 59.
Rosengart TK, Aberle CM, Ryan C. Acquired heart disease: valvular. In: Townsend CM Jr, Beauchamp RD, Evers BM, Mattox KL, eds. Sabiston Textbook of Surgery. 21st ed. St Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2022:chap 61.